Research Blog
Peptide Research: Testing, Stability & Methods
Cited, educational articles on peptide chemistry, HPLC and mass spec testing, stability, storage and research methods. For research use only.
FormulationPhoto / Wikimedia Commons
Formulation Science Lyophilized vs. Liquid Peptides: Choosing a Format
Trade-offs between lyophilized powders, ready-to-use solutions and capsules in a research setting, with a stability comparison and a practical way to choose.
EMElena Marsh~5 min read
FormulationPhoto: Nadine90 / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
Formulation Science Peptide Formulation Basics for Researchers
The goals of peptide formulation science and the main variables formulators control, from pH and buffers to stabilizers, containers and stability testing.
EMElena Marsh~6 min read
MechanismsPhoto: Habin Zhang / Wikimedia Commons
Mechanisms and Pharmacology Binding Affinity Explained: Kd, Ki, IC50 and EC50
What Kd, Ki, IC50 and EC50 actually measure, why affinity is not potency, and how to compare peptides acting at more than one receptor.
DODaniel Okafor~5 min read
MechanismsPhoto: Lilly_M / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
Mechanisms and Pharmacology Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR) in Peptides
How changes to a peptide's sequence change its activity and stability, from alanine scanning to the albumin-binding DAC modification of CJC-1295.
DODaniel Okafor~6 min read
MechanismsPhoto: Lilly_M / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
Mechanisms and Pharmacology Cell Signaling Assays in Peptide Research
How receptor activation becomes a measurable signal, and the second-messenger, reporter and phosphorylation assays peptide researchers use to read it.
DODaniel Okafor~6 min read
MechanismsPhoto: kaibara87 / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
Mechanisms and Pharmacology Peptide-Receptor Interactions: A Primer
How peptides bind and activate receptors, using GLP-1R and the class B1 GPCRs as a worked example of affinity, efficacy and agonism.
DODaniel Okafor~6 min read
FormulationPhoto: Millrock / Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
Formulation Science Peptide Lyophilization (Freeze-Drying) Explained
How freeze-drying removes water to stabilize peptides, what a well-formed lyophilized cake looks like, and why residual moisture matters.
EMElena Marsh~6 min read
Stability
Stability and Storage How to Store Research Peptides in the Lab
Practical lab guidance on storing lyophilized peptides and stock solutions, choosing diluents, and labeling and tracking material by lot.
EMElena Marsh~5 min read
StabilityPhoto: Lilly_M / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
Stability and Storage Peptide Light and Moisture Sensitivity
Why some residues are light-sensitive, how moisture accelerates degradation in lyophilized peptides, and which packaging and handling steps help.
EMElena Marsh~5 min read
Educational content for research use only. Not for human consumption. Nothing here is medical advice or a claim about safety or efficacy.