Research Blog
Peptide Fundamentals
Core concepts for working with research peptides: what peptides are, how peptide bonds link amino acids into sequences, and where peptides end and proteins begin.
Peptide Fundamentals NAD Enzyme Basics: Cofactor Binding, Specificity and Assays
A laboratory guide to NAD enzymes: cofactor chemistry, binding-site structure, engineered specificity, biocatalytic cascades, assays and storage.
DODaniel Okafor~8 min read
FundamentalsPhoto: Lilly_M / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
Peptide Fundamentals What Do Peptides Do? Biological Roles of Peptides
Hormones, neuropeptides, antimicrobial and signal peptides: the main biological jobs peptides perform, and how laboratories put them to work as research tools.
DODaniel Okafor~5 min read
FundamentalsPhoto: Lilly_M / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
Peptide Fundamentals Types of Peptides: From Hormones to Cyclic Peptides
Four ways to classify peptides, by length, origin, structure and function, from linear hormones to cyclic, stapled and lipidated analogues.
DODaniel Okafor~5 min read
FundamentalsPhoto: Millrock / Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
Peptide Fundamentals Peptidases: The Enzymes That Break Peptide Bonds
How peptidases are classified, how serine, cysteine, aspartic and metallo enzymes cut peptide bonds, and why their activity matters in peptide assays.
DODaniel Okafor~5 min read
FundamentalsPhoto: Kjaergaard / Wikimedia Commons
Peptide Fundamentals Peptides vs Steroids: How the Two Molecule Classes Differ
Are peptides steroids? No. How amino-acid chains and the four-ring steroid scaffold differ in structure, biosynthesis, receptors and laboratory analysis.
DODaniel Okafor~5 min read
FundamentalsPhoto: Masur / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
Peptide Fundamentals What Are Peptides? Structure, Size and Classification
Amino acids, the peptide bond, where peptides end and proteins begin, and the main ways chemists classify peptides.
DODaniel Okafor~5 min read
Fundamentals
Peptide Fundamentals What Are Research Peptides? A Beginner’s Guide
A plain-language introduction to peptides, how research-grade material is made and tested, and how it differs from approved medicines.
DODaniel Okafor~6 min read
FundamentalsPhoto: Gannu03 / Wikimedia Commons
Peptide Fundamentals Peptide Bonds and Amino Acid Sequences Explained
How amino acids link through peptide bonds, how sequences are written in one- and three-letter code, and why residue order defines a peptide.
DODaniel Okafor~6 min read
FundamentalsPhoto: Masur / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
Peptide Fundamentals Peptides vs. Proteins: Key Differences Explained
Where the line between peptides and proteins sits, and why size changes how a molecule is made, tested and stored.
DODaniel Okafor~5 min read
DODaniel Okafor~8 min read
FundamentalsPhoto: Lilly_M / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
Peptide Fundamentals What Do Peptides Do? Biological Roles of Peptides
Hormones, neuropeptides, antimicrobial and signal peptides: the main biological jobs peptides perform, and how laboratories put them to work as research tools.
DODaniel Okafor~5 min read
FundamentalsPhoto: Lilly_M / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
Peptide Fundamentals Types of Peptides: From Hormones to Cyclic Peptides
Four ways to classify peptides, by length, origin, structure and function, from linear hormones to cyclic, stapled and lipidated analogues.
DODaniel Okafor~5 min read
FundamentalsPhoto: Millrock / Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
Peptide Fundamentals Peptidases: The Enzymes That Break Peptide Bonds
How peptidases are classified, how serine, cysteine, aspartic and metallo enzymes cut peptide bonds, and why their activity matters in peptide assays.
DODaniel Okafor~5 min read
FundamentalsPhoto: Kjaergaard / Wikimedia Commons
Peptide Fundamentals Peptides vs Steroids: How the Two Molecule Classes Differ
Are peptides steroids? No. How amino-acid chains and the four-ring steroid scaffold differ in structure, biosynthesis, receptors and laboratory analysis.
DODaniel Okafor~5 min read
FundamentalsPhoto: Masur / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
Peptide Fundamentals What Are Peptides? Structure, Size and Classification
Amino acids, the peptide bond, where peptides end and proteins begin, and the main ways chemists classify peptides.
DODaniel Okafor~5 min read
Fundamentals
Peptide Fundamentals What Are Research Peptides? A Beginner’s Guide
A plain-language introduction to peptides, how research-grade material is made and tested, and how it differs from approved medicines.
DODaniel Okafor~6 min read
FundamentalsPhoto: Gannu03 / Wikimedia Commons
Peptide Fundamentals Peptide Bonds and Amino Acid Sequences Explained
How amino acids link through peptide bonds, how sequences are written in one- and three-letter code, and why residue order defines a peptide.
DODaniel Okafor~6 min read
FundamentalsPhoto: Masur / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
Peptide Fundamentals Peptides vs. Proteins: Key Differences Explained
Where the line between peptides and proteins sits, and why size changes how a molecule is made, tested and stored.
DODaniel Okafor~5 min read
Educational content for research use only. Not for human consumption. Nothing here is medical advice or a claim about safety or efficacy.